Steady current behavior can manifest in dramatically different ways, most notably through the distinction between laminar and turbulent regimes. Laminar flow is characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid – imagine honey flowing slowly and consistently. These layers maintain their order, with each layer sliding gracefully over the adjacent… Read More

The field of genetic modification employs a variety of vectors to introduce altered genetic material into target cells. These vehicles play a vital role in enabling targeted gene editing and manipulation. Some common classes of delivery systems include viral carriers, liposomes, and artificial nanoparticles. Each type possesses unique advantages… Read More